Install OpenShift 4 on cloudscale.ch

Steps to install an OpenShift 4 cluster on cloudscale.ch.

These steps follow the Installing a cluster on bare metal docs to set up a user provisioned installation (UPI). Terraform is used to provision the cloud infrastructure.

The commands are idempotent and can be retried if any of the steps fail.

The certificates created during bootstrap are only valid for 24h. So make sure you complete these steps within 24h.

This how-to guide is still a work in progress and will change. It’s currently very specific to VSHN and needs further changes to be more generic.

Starting situation

You already have a Tenant and its git repository
You have a CCSP Red Hat login and are logged into Red Hat Openshift Cluster Manager

Don’t use your personal account to login to the cluster manager for installation.
You want to register a new cluster in Lieutenant and are about to install Openshift 4 on cloudscale.ch

Prerequisites

jq
yq yq YAML processor (version 4 or higher - use the go version by mikefarah, not the jq wrapper by kislyuk)
openshift-install (direct download: linux, macOS)
oc (direct download: linux, macOS)
kubectl
vault Vault CLI
curl
emergency-credentials-receive Install instructions
gzip
docker
mc >= RELEASE.2021-07-27T06-46-19Z Minio client (aliased to mc if necessary)
aws CLI Official install instructions. You can also install the Python package with your favorite package manager (we recommend uv: uv tool install awscli).

Make sure the minor version of openshift-install and the RHCOS image are the same as ignition will fail otherwise.

Cluster Installation

Lieutenant API endpoint

Use the following endpoint for Lieutenant:

VSHN: api.syn.vshn.net

Set cluster facts

For customer clusters, set the following cluster facts in Lieutenant:

sales_order: Name of the sales order to which the cluster is billed, such as S10000
service_level: Name of the service level agreement for this cluster, such as guaranteed-availability
access_policy: Access-Policy of the cluster, such as regular or swissonly
release_channel: Name of the syn component release channel to use, such as stable
maintenance_window: Pick the appropriate upgrade schedule, such as monday-1400 for test clusters, tuesday-1000 for prod or custom to not (yet) enable maintenance
cilium_addons: Comma-separated list of cilium addons the customer gets billed for, such as advanced_networking or tetragon. Set to NONE if no addons should be billed.

Set up Keycloak service

Create a Keycloak service

Use control.vshn.net/vshn/services/_create to create a service. The name and ID must be clusters name. For the optional URL use the OpenShift console URL.

Configure input

Create 2 new cloudscale API tokens with read+write permissions and name them <cluster_id> and <cluster_id>_floaty on control.cloudscale.ch/service/<your-project>/api-token.

Access to cloud API

export CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN=<cloudscale-api-token>
export TF_VAR_lb_cloudscale_api_secret=<cloudscale-api-token-for-Floaty>

Access to VSHN GitLab

# From https://git.vshn.net/-/user_settings/personal_access_tokens, "api" scope is sufficient
export GITLAB_TOKEN=<gitlab-api-token>
export GITLAB_USER=<gitlab-user-name>

Access to VSHN Lieutenant

# For example: https://api.syn.vshn.net
# IMPORTANT: do NOT add a trailing `/`. Commands below will fail.
export COMMODORE_API_URL=<lieutenant-api-endpoint>

# Set Project Syn cluster and tenant ID
export CLUSTER_ID=<lieutenant-cluster-id> # Looks like: c-<something>
export TENANT_ID=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer $(commodore fetch-token)" ${COMMODORE_API_URL}/clusters/${CLUSTER_ID} | jq -r .tenant)

Configuration for hieradata commits

export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$(git config --global user.name)
export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(git config --global user.email)
export TF_VAR_control_vshn_net_token=<control-vshn-net-token> # use your personal SERVERS API token from https://control.vshn.net/tokens

OpenShift configuration

export BASE_DOMAIN=<your-base-domain> # customer-provided base domain without cluster name, e.g. "zrh.customer.vshnmanaged.net"
export PULL_SECRET='<redhat-pull-secret>' # As copied from https://cloud.redhat.com/openshift/install/pull-secret "Copy pull secret". value must be inside quotes.

For BASE_DOMAIN explanation, see DNS Scheme.

Set up S3 buckets for the cluster

Create an S3 objects user

If an objects user already exists for this cluster:

# Use already existing bucket user
response=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer ${CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN}" \
  https://api.cloudscale.ch/v1/objects-users | \
  jq -e ".[] | select(.display_name == \"${CLUSTER_ID}\")")

To create a new objects user:

# Create a new user
response=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer ${CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN}" \
  -F display_name=${CLUSTER_ID} \
  https://api.cloudscale.ch/v1/objects-users)

Configure the Minio client

export REGION=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer $(commodore fetch-token)" ${COMMODORE_API_URL}/clusters/${CLUSTER_ID} | jq -r .facts.region)
mc config host add \
  "${CLUSTER_ID}" "https://objects.${REGION}.cloudscale.ch" \
  $(echo $response | jq -r '.keys[0].access_key') \
  $(echo $response | jq -r '.keys[0].secret_key')

Create buckets for cluster bootstrap, the image registry and the Loki logstore

mc mb --ignore-existing \
  "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition"
mc mb --ignore-existing \
  "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-image-registry" (1)
# The next command isn't required for OKE!
mc mb --ignore-existing \
  "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-logstore" (2)

1	We need to manually create the image registry bucket because we need to disable the registry operator’s bucket management since the operator wants to use server-side encryption which isn’t supported on cloudscale S3.
2	(OCP only) We need to manually create the logstore bucket since the LokiStack doesn’t do so automatically.

Configure the registry bucket: Set BlockPublicAcls=False and setup a lifecycle policy to abort incomplete multipart uploads after a day.

export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(mc config host ls ${CLUSTER_ID} -json | jq -r .accessKey)
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(mc config host ls ${CLUSTER_ID} -json | jq -r .secretKey)
export REGION=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer $(commodore fetch-token)" ${COMMODORE_API_URL}/clusters/${CLUSTER_ID} | jq -r .facts.region)

aws s3api put-public-access-block \
  --endpoint-url "https://objects.${REGION}.cloudscale.ch" \
  --bucket "${CLUSTER_ID}-image-registry" \
  --public-access-block-configuration BlockPublicAcls=false
aws s3api put-bucket-lifecycle-configuration \
  --endpoint-url "https://objects.${REGION}.cloudscale.ch" \
  --bucket "${CLUSTER_ID}-image-registry" \
  --lifecycle-configuration '{
    "Rules": [
      {
        "ID": "cleanup-incomplete-multipart-registry-uploads",
        "Prefix": "",
        "Status": "Enabled",
        "AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload": {
          "DaysAfterInitiation": 1
        }
      }
    ]
  }'

Upload Red Hat CoreOS image

Export the Authorization header for the cloudscale.ch API.
```
export AUTH_HEADER="Authorization: Bearer ${CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN}"
```
The variable CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN could be used directly. Exporting the variable AUTH_HEADER is done to be compatible with the cloudscale.ch API documentation.
Check if image already exists in the correct zone
```
curl -sH "$AUTH_HEADER" https://api.cloudscale.ch/v1/custom-images | jq -r '.[] | select(.slug == "rhcos-4.17") | .zones[].slug'
```
If the zone in which you’re setting up the cluster is part of the list of zones returned by the command, you should skip the next steps and directly jump to the next section.

Fetch the latest Red Hat CoreOS image

curl -L https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/dependencies/rhcos/4.17/4.17.2/rhcos-4.17.2-x86_64-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.gz | gzip -d > rhcos-4.17.qcow2

Upload the image to S3 and make it public

mc cp rhcos-4.17.qcow2 "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/"
mc anonymous set download "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/rhcos-4.17.qcow2"

You can check that the download policy is applied successfully with

mc anonymous get "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/rhcos-4.17.qcow2"

The output should be

`Access permission for `[…]-bootstrap-ignition/rhcos-4.17.qcow2` is `download``

Import the image to cloudscale

curl -i -H "$AUTH_HEADER" \
  -F url="$(mc share download --json "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/rhcos-4.17.qcow2" | jq -r .url)" \
  -F name='RHCOS 4.17' \
  -F zones="${REGION}1" \
  -F slug=rhcos-4.17 \
  -F source_format=qcow2 \
  -F user_data_handling=pass-through \
  https://api.cloudscale.ch/v1/custom-images/import

By default, we only import the image in the zone where we’re setting up the cluster. If you’re setting up a cluster in a project where there’s already a cluster using the same image slug in the other zone, you need to import the image as a "Multi-Zone: LPG1 & RMA1" image. You can do so with the following command (note the duplicate -F zones flag):

curl -i -H "$AUTH_HEADER" \
  -F url="$(mc share download --json "$\{CLUSTER_ID\}/$\{CLUSTER_ID\}-bootstrap-ignition/rhcos-{ocp-minor-version}.qcow2" | jq -r .url)" \
  -F name='RHCOS {ocp-minor-version}' \
  -F zones="lpg1" -F zones="rma1" \
  -F slug=rhcos-{ocp-minor-version} \
  -F source_format=qcow2 \
  -F user_data_handling=pass-through \
  https://api.cloudscale.ch/v1/custom-images/import

Otherwise, reusing an existing slug will deactivate it for any existing images in the other zone.

Set secrets in Vault

Connect with Vault

export VAULT_ADDR=https://vault-prod.syn.vshn.net
vault login -method=oidc

Store various secrets in Vault

# Set the cloudscale.ch access secrets
vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/cloudscale \
  token=${CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN} \
  s3_access_key=$(mc config host ls ${CLUSTER_ID} -json | jq -r .accessKey) \
  s3_secret_key=$(mc config host ls ${CLUSTER_ID} -json | jq -r .secretKey)

# Put LB API key in Vault
vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/floaty \
  iam_secret=${TF_VAR_lb_cloudscale_api_secret}

# Generate an HTTP secret for the registry
vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/registry \
  httpSecret=$(LC_ALL=C tr -cd "A-Za-z0-9" </dev/urandom | head -c 128)

# Generate a master password for K8up backups
vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/global-backup \
  password=$(LC_ALL=C tr -cd "A-Za-z0-9" </dev/urandom | head -c 32)

# Generate a password for the cluster object backups
vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/cluster-backup \
  password=$(LC_ALL=C tr -cd "A-Za-z0-9" </dev/urandom | head -c 32)

Grab the LB hieradata repo token from Vault

export HIERADATA_REPO_SECRET=$(vault kv get \
  -format=json "clusters/kv/lbaas/hieradata_repo_token" | jq '.data.data')
export HIERADATA_REPO_USER=$(echo "${HIERADATA_REPO_SECRET}" | jq -r '.user')
export HIERADATA_REPO_TOKEN=$(echo "${HIERADATA_REPO_SECRET}" | jq -r '.token')

Prepare Cluster Repository

Starting with this section, we recommend that you change into a clean directory (for example a directory in your home).

Check Running Commodore for details on how to run commodore.

Prepare Commodore inventory.

mkdir -p inventory/classes/
git clone $(curl -sH"Authorization: Bearer $(commodore fetch-token)" "${COMMODORE_API_URL}/tenants/${TENANT_ID}" | jq -r '.gitRepo.url') inventory/classes/${TENANT_ID}

Configure the cluster’s domain in Project Syn

export CLUSTER_DOMAIN="${CLUSTER_ID}.${BASE_DOMAIN}" (1)

1	Adjust this as necessary if you’re using a non-standard cluster domain.

The cluster domain configured here must be correct. The value is used to configure how Cilium connects to the cluster’s K8s API.

pushd "inventory/classes/${TENANT_ID}/"

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift.baseDomain = \"${CLUSTER_DOMAIN}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

git commit -a -m "Configure cluster domain for ${CLUSTER_ID}"

Include openshift4.yml in the cluster’s config if it exists

For some tenants, this may already configure some of the settings shown in this how-to.

if ls openshift4.y*ml 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
    yq eval -i '.classes += ".openshift4"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml;
    git commit -a -m "Include openshift4 class for ${CLUSTER_ID}"
fi

Include the Cloudscale meta-configuration

yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift.cloudscale.subnet_uuid = "TO_BE_DEFINED"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift.cloudscale.rhcos_image_slug = "rhcos-4.17"' \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.ignition_ca = \"TO_BE_DEFINED\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

git commit -a -m "Configure Cloudscale metaparameters on ${CLUSTER_ID}"

Add Cilium to cluster configuration

These instructions assume that Cilium is configured to use api-int.${CLUSTER_DOMAIN}:6443 to connect to the cluster’s K8s API. To ensure that that’s the case, add the configuration shown below somewhere in the Project Syn config hierarchy.

parameters:
  cilium:
    cilium_helm_values:
      k8sServiceHost: api-int.${openshift:baseDomain}
      k8sServicePort: "6443"

For VSHN, this configuration is set in the Commodore global defaults (internal).

If you have a non-standard pod network, you need to ensure to include this in the configuration.

parameters:
  cilium:
    cilium_helm_values:
      ipam:
        operator:
          ~clusterPoolIPv4PodCIDRList:
            - <POD_NETWORK_CIDR>

yq eval -i '.applications += ["cilium"]' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i '.parameters.networkpolicy.networkPlugin = "cilium"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml
yq eval -i '.parameters.networkpolicy.ignoredNamespaces = ["openshift-oauth-apiserver"]' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift4_monitoring.upstreamRules.networkPlugin = "cilium"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift.infraID = "TO_BE_DEFINED"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml
yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift.clusterID = "TO_BE_DEFINED"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

git commit -a -m "Add Cilium addon to ${CLUSTER_ID}"

git push
popd

Compile catalog

commodore catalog compile ${CLUSTER_ID} --push -i \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.major=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.minor=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $2}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Major=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Minor=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $2}')

This commodore call requires Commodore v1.5.0 or newer. Please make sure to update your local installation.

Configure the OpenShift Installer

Generate SSH key

We generate a unique SSH key pair for the cluster as this gives us troubleshooting access.

SSH_PRIVATE_KEY="$(pwd)/ssh_$CLUSTER_ID"
export SSH_PUBLIC_KEY="${SSH_PRIVATE_KEY}.pub"

ssh-keygen -C "vault@$CLUSTER_ID" -t ed25519 -f $SSH_PRIVATE_KEY -N ''

BASE64_NO_WRAP='base64'
if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux"* ]]; then
  BASE64_NO_WRAP='base64 --wrap 0'
fi

vault kv put clusters/kv/${TENANT_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}/cloudscale/ssh \
  private_key=$(cat $SSH_PRIVATE_KEY | eval "$BASE64_NO_WRAP")

ssh-add $SSH_PRIVATE_KEY

Prepare install-config.yaml

You can add more options to the install-config.yaml file. Have a look at the config example for more information.

For example, you could change the SDN from a default value to something a customer requests due to some network requirements.

export INSTALLER_DIR="$(pwd)/target"
mkdir -p "${INSTALLER_DIR}"

cat > "${INSTALLER_DIR}/install-config.yaml" <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: ${CLUSTER_ID} (1)
baseDomain: ${BASE_DOMAIN} (1)
platform:
  external:
    platformName: cloudscale
    cloudControllerManager: External
networking: (2)
  networkType: Cilium
pullSecret: |
  ${PULL_SECRET}
sshKey: "$(cat $SSH_PUBLIC_KEY)"
EOF

1	Make sure that the values here match the value of `$CLUSTER_DOMAIN` when combined as `<metadata.name>.<baseDomain>`. Otherwise, the installation will most likely fail.
2	(Optional) Configure non-standard pod and service network here (docs).

If setting custom CIDR for the OpenShift networking, the corresponding values should be updated in your Commodore cluster definitions. See Cilium Component Defaults and Parameter Reference. Verify with less catalog/manifests/cilium/olm/*ciliumconfig.yaml.

Run the OpenShift Installer

The steps in this section aren’t idempotent and have to be completed uninterrupted in one go. If you have to recreate the install config or any of the generated manifests you need to rerun all of the subsequent steps.

Render install manifests (this will consume the install-config.yaml)

openshift-install --dir "${INSTALLER_DIR}" \
  create manifests

If you want to change the default "apps" domain for the cluster:

yq w -i "${INSTALLER_DIR}/manifests/cluster-ingress-02-config.yml" \
  spec.domain apps.example.com

Copy pre-rendered extra machine configs

machineconfigs=catalog/manifests/openshift4-nodes/10_machineconfigs.yaml
if [ -f $machineconfigs ];  then
  yq --no-doc -s \
    "\"${INSTALLER_DIR}/openshift/99x_openshift-machineconfig_\" + .metadata.name" \
    $machineconfigs
fi

Copy cloud-controller-manager manifests

This step assumes that component cloudscale-cloud-controller-manager v1.3.0 or newer is used.

for f in catalog/manifests/cloudscale-cloud-controller-manager/*; do
  cp $f ${INSTALLER_DIR}/manifests/cloudscale_ccm_$(basename $f)
done
yq -i e ".stringData.access-token=\"${CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN}\"" \
  ${INSTALLER_DIR}/manifests/cloudscale_ccm_01_secret.yaml

Copy pre-rendered Cilium manifests

cp catalog/manifests/cilium/olm/* ${INSTALLER_DIR}/manifests/

Verify that the generated cluster domain matches the desired cluster domain

GEN_CLUSTER_DOMAIN=$(yq e '.spec.baseDomain' \
  "${INSTALLER_DIR}/manifests/cluster-dns-02-config.yml")
if [ "$GEN_CLUSTER_DOMAIN" != "$CLUSTER_DOMAIN" ]; then
  echo -e "\033[0;31mGenerated cluster domain doesn't match expected cluster domain: Got '$GEN_CLUSTER_DOMAIN', want '$CLUSTER_DOMAIN'\033[0;0m"
else
  echo -e "\033[0;32mGenerated cluster domain matches expected cluster domain.\033[0;0m"
fi

Prepare install manifests and ignition config

openshift-install --dir "${INSTALLER_DIR}" \
  create ignition-configs

Upload ignition config

mc cp "${INSTALLER_DIR}/bootstrap.ign" "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/"

export TF_VAR_ignition_bootstrap=$(mc share download \
  --json --expire=4h \
  "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition/bootstrap.ign" | jq -r '.share')

Terraform Cluster Config

Switch to the tenant repo
```
pushd "inventory/classes/${TENANT_ID}/"
```

Include no-opsgenie class to prevent monitoring noise during cluster setup

yq eval -i '.classes += "global.distribution.openshift4.no-opsgenie"' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml;

Update cluster config

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift.infraID = \"$(jq -r .infraID "${INSTALLER_DIR}/metadata.json")\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift.clusterID = \"$(jq -r .clusterID "${INSTALLER_DIR}/metadata.json")\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift.ssh_key = \"$(cat ${SSH_PUBLIC_KEY})\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

If you use a custom "apps" domain, make sure to set parameters.openshift.appsDomain accordingly.

APPS_DOMAIN=your.custom.apps.domain
yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift.appsDomain = \"${APPS_DOMAIN}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

By default, the cluster’s update channel is derived from the cluster’s reported OpenShift version. If you want to use a custom update channel, make sure to set parameters.openshift4_version.spec.channel accordingly.

# Configure the OpenShift update channel as `fast`
yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_version.spec.channel = \"fast-{ocp-minor-version}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

Set team responsible for handling Icinga alerts

# use lower case for team name.
# e.g. TEAM=aldebaran
TEAM=<team-name>

Prepare Terraform cluster config

CA_CERT=$(jq -r '.ignition.security.tls.certificateAuthorities[0].source' \
  "${INSTALLER_DIR}/master.ign" | \
  awk -F ',' '{ print $2 }' | \
  base64 --decode)

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.base_domain = \"${BASE_DOMAIN}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.ignition_ca = \"${CA_CERT}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.ssh_keys = [\"$(cat ${SSH_PUBLIC_KEY})\"]" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.team = \"${TEAM}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.hieradata_repo_user = \"${HIERADATA_REPO_USER}\"" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

Prepare cloudscale machine-api provider

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.worker_count = 0" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

yq eval -i ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.terraform_variables.infra_count = 0" \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

You now have the option to further customize the cluster by editing terraform_variables. Most importantly you have the option to change node sizes or add additional specialized worker nodes.

Please look at the configuration reference for the available options.

Commit changes and compile cluster catalog

Review changes. Have a look at the file ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml. Override default parameters or add more component configurations as required for your cluster.

Commit changes

git commit -a -m "Setup cluster ${CLUSTER_ID}"
git push

popd

Compile and push cluster catalog

commodore catalog compile ${CLUSTER_ID} --push -i \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.major=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.minor=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $2}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Major=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Minor=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $2}')

This commodore call requires Commodore v1.5.0 or newer. Please make sure to update your local installation.

Provision Infrastructure

Configure Terraform secrets

cat <<EOF > ./terraform.env
CLOUDSCALE_API_TOKEN
TF_VAR_ignition_bootstrap
TF_VAR_lb_cloudscale_api_secret
TF_VAR_control_vshn_net_token
GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
HIERADATA_REPO_TOKEN
EOF

Setup Terraform

Prepare Terraform execution environment

# Set terraform image and tag to be used
tf_image=$(\
  yq eval ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.images.terraform.image" \
  dependencies/openshift4-terraform/class/defaults.yml)
tf_tag=$(\
  yq eval ".parameters.openshift4_terraform.images.terraform.tag" \
  dependencies/openshift4-terraform/class/defaults.yml)

# Generate the terraform alias
base_dir=$(pwd)
alias terraform='touch .terraformrc; docker run -it --rm \
  -e REAL_UID=$(id -u) \
  -e TF_CLI_CONFIG_FILE=/tf/.terraformrc \
  --env-file ${base_dir}/terraform.env \
  -w /tf \
  -v $(pwd):/tf \
  --ulimit memlock=-1 \
  "${tf_image}:${tf_tag}" /tf/terraform.sh'

export GITLAB_REPOSITORY_URL=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer $(commodore fetch-token)" ${COMMODORE_API_URL}/clusters/${CLUSTER_ID} | jq -r '.gitRepo.url' | sed 's|ssh://||; s|/|:|')
export GITLAB_REPOSITORY_NAME=${GITLAB_REPOSITORY_URL##*/}
export GITLAB_CATALOG_PROJECT_ID=$(curl -sH "Authorization: Bearer ${GITLAB_TOKEN}" "https://git.vshn.net/api/v4/projects?simple=true&search=${GITLAB_REPOSITORY_NAME/.git}" | jq -r ".[] | select(.ssh_url_to_repo == \"${GITLAB_REPOSITORY_URL}\") | .id")
export GITLAB_STATE_URL="https://git.vshn.net/api/v4/projects/${GITLAB_CATALOG_PROJECT_ID}/terraform/state/cluster"

pushd catalog/manifests/openshift4-terraform/

Initialize Terraform

terraform init \
  "-backend-config=address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}" \
  "-backend-config=lock_address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}/lock" \
  "-backend-config=unlock_address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}/lock" \
  "-backend-config=username=${GITLAB_USER}" \
  "-backend-config=password=${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
  "-backend-config=lock_method=POST" \
  "-backend-config=unlock_method=DELETE" \
  "-backend-config=retry_wait_min=5"

Create LB hieradata

cat > override.tf <<EOF
module "cluster" {
  bootstrap_count          = 0
  master_count             = 0
  infra_count              = 0
  worker_count             = 0
  additional_worker_groups = {}
}
EOF
terraform apply -target "module.cluster.module.lb.module.hiera"

Review and merge the LB hieradata MR (listed in Terraform output hieradata_mr) and wait until the deploy pipeline after the merge is completed.
Create LBs
```
terraform apply
```
Setup the DNS records shown in output variable dns_entries from the previous step in the cluster’s parent zone. If you use a custom apps domain, make the necessary changes to the DNS record for *.apps.

Make LB FQDNs available for later steps

Store LB FQDNs in environment

declare -a LB_FQDNS
for id in 1 2; do
  LB_FQDNS[$id]=$(terraform state show "module.cluster.module.lb.cloudscale_server.lb[$(expr $id - 1)]" | grep fqdn | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ' "\r\n')
done

Verify FQDNs

for lb in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do echo $lb; done

Check LB connectivity

for lb in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do
  ping -c1 "${lb}"
done

Wait until LBs are fully initialized by Puppet

# Wait for Puppet provisioning to complete
while true; do
  curl --connect-timeout 1 "http://api.${CLUSTER_DOMAIN}:6443" &>/dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 52 ]; then
    echo -e "\nHAproxy up"
    break
  else
    echo -n "."
    sleep 5
  fi
done
# Update sshop config, see https://wiki.vshn.net/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=40108094
sshop_update
# Check that you can access the LBs using your usual SSH config
for lb in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do
  ssh "${lb}" hostname -f
done

While you’re waiting for the LBs to be provisioned, you can check the cloud-init logs with the following SSH commands

ssh ubuntu@"${LB_FQDNS[1]}" tail -f /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
ssh ubuntu@"${LB_FQDNS[2]}" tail -f /var/log/cloud-init-output.log

Check the "Server created" tickets for the LBs and link them to the cluster setup ticket.

Deploy bootstrap node

cat > override.tf <<EOF
module "cluster" {
  bootstrap_count          = 1
  master_count             = 0
  infra_count              = 0
  worker_count             = 0
  additional_worker_groups = {}
}
EOF
terraform apply

Review and merge the LB hieradata MR (listed in Terraform output hieradata_mr) and run Puppet on the LBs after the deploy job has completed
```
for fqdn in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do
  ssh "${fqdn}" sudo puppetctl run
done
```

Store the subnet UUID in the cluster configuration

export SUBNET_UUID="$(terraform output -raw subnet_uuid)"

pushd ../../../inventory/classes/${TENANT_ID}

yq eval -i '.parameters.openshift.cloudscale.subnet_uuid = "'$SUBNET_UUID'"' \
  ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml

git commit -am "Add Cloudscale Subnet UUID to cluster configuration for ${CLUSTER_ID}"
git push
popd
popd # yes, twice.

Compile and push the cluster catalog

commodore catalog compile ${CLUSTER_ID} --push -i \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.major=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact kubernetesVersion.minor=$(echo "1.30" | awk -F. '{print $2}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Major=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $1}') \
  --dynamic-fact openshiftVersion.Minor=$(echo "4.17" | awk -F. '{print $2}')

This commodore call requires Commodore v1.5.0 or newer. Please make sure to update your local installation.

Return to Terraform directory

pushd catalog/manifests/openshift4-terraform/

terraform init \
  "-backend-config=address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}" \
  "-backend-config=lock_address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}/lock" \
  "-backend-config=unlock_address=${GITLAB_STATE_URL}/lock" \
  "-backend-config=username=${GITLAB_USER}" \
  "-backend-config=password=${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
  "-backend-config=lock_method=POST" \
  "-backend-config=unlock_method=DELETE" \
  "-backend-config=retry_wait_min=5"

Wait for bootstrap API to come up

API_URL=$(yq e '.clusters[0].cluster.server' "${INSTALLER_DIR}/auth/kubeconfig")
while ! curl --connect-timeout 1 "${API_URL}/healthz" -k &>/dev/null; do
  echo -n "."
  sleep 5
done && echo -e "\nAPI is up"

Patch Cilium config to allow control plane bootstrap to succeed

We need to temporarily adjust the Cilium config to not use full kube-proxy replacement, since we currently don’t have a way to disable the initial OpenShift-managed kube-proxy deployment. Additionally, because the cloudscale Cloud Controller Manager accesses the K8s API via service IP, we need to configure Cilium to provide partial kube-proxy replacement so that the CCM can start and untaint the control plane nodes so that other pods can be scheduled.

export KUBECONFIG="${INSTALLER_DIR}/auth/kubeconfig"

while ! kubectl get ciliumconfig -A &>/dev/null; do
  echo -n "."
  sleep 2
done && echo -e "\nCiliumConfig CR is present"

kubectl patch -n cilium ciliumconfig cilium-enterprise --type=merge \
 -p '{
  "spec": {
    "cilium": {
      "kubeProxyReplacement": "false",
      "nodePort": {
        "enabled": true
      },
      "socketLB": {
        "enabled": true
      },
      "sessionAffinity": true,
      "externalIPs": {
        "enabled": true
      },
      "hostPort": {
        "enabled": true
      }
    }
  }
 }'

Deploy control plane nodes

cat > override.tf <<EOF
module "cluster" {
  bootstrap_count          = 1
  infra_count              = 0
  worker_count             = 0
  additional_worker_groups = {}
}
EOF
terraform apply

Add the DNS records for etcd shown in output variable dns_entries from the previous step to the cluster’s parent zone

Apply the manifests for the cloudscale machine-api provider

export VAULT_TOKEN=$(vault token lookup -format=json | jq -r .data.id)
kapitan refs --reveal --refs-path ../../refs -f ../machine-api-provider-cloudscale/00_secrets.yaml | kubectl apply -f -

kubectl apply  -f ../machine-api-provider-cloudscale/10_clusterRoleBinding.yaml

kubectl apply -f ../machine-api-provider-cloudscale/10_serviceAccount.yaml

kubectl apply -f ../machine-api-provider-cloudscale/11_deployment.yaml

Apply the machinesets from the catalog

kubectl apply `for f in ../openshift4-nodes/machineset-*.yaml ; do echo -n "-f $f " ; done`

Wait for bootstrap to complete

openshift-install --dir "${INSTALLER_DIR}" \
  wait-for bootstrap-complete --log-level debug

If you’re using a CNI other than Cilium you may need to remove the following taint from the nodes to allow the network to come up:

kubectl taint no --all node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized:NoSchedule-

Once the bootstrap is complete, taint the master nodes again to ensure that they’re properly initialized by the cloud-controller-manager.

kubectl taint no -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized=:NoSchedule

Remove bootstrap node
```
rm override.tf
terraform apply

popd
```

Add Infra Node IPs to LB Hieradata

git clone git@git.vshn.net:appuio/appuio_hieradata.git

pushd appuio_hieradata/lbaas

git checkout "tf/lbaas/${CLUSTER_ID}" (1)

# Use this with OCP
kubectl get node -l "node-role.kubernetes.io/infra" -oyaml | yq '.items[].status.addresses | filter(.type == "InternalIP") | map(.address)' > ips.yml

# Use this with OKE, since OKE does not have infra nodes and workers have the ingress deployed by default
kubectl get node -l "node-role.kubernetes.io/worker" -oyaml | yq '.items[].status.addresses | filter(.type == "InternalIP") | map(.address)' > ips.yml


yq -i '."profile_openshift4_gateway::backends".router = load("ips.yml")' "${CLUSTER_ID}.yaml"

rm ips.yml

git commit -am "Add infra nodes as backends for ${CLUSTER_ID}."
git push origin "tf/lbaas/${CLUSTER_ID}"
popd

1	The branch and MR should exist from removing the bootstrap node.

Review and merge the LB hieradata MR (listed in Terraform output hieradata_mr) and run Puppet on the LBs after the deploy job has completed
```
for fqdn in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do
  ssh "${fqdn}" sudo puppetctl run
done
```

Disable OpenShift kube-proxy deployment and revert Cilium patch

kubectl patch network.operator cluster --type=merge \
  -p '{"spec":{"deployKubeProxy":false}}'
kubectl -n cilium replace -f catalog/manifests/cilium/olm/cluster-network-07-cilium-ciliumconfig.yaml
while ! kubectl -n cilium get cm cilium-config -oyaml | grep 'kube-proxy-replacement: "true"' &>/dev/null; do
  echo -n "."
  sleep 2
done && echo -e "\nCilium config updated"
kubectl -n cilium rollout restart ds/cilium

Enable proxy protocol on ingress controller

kubectl -n openshift-ingress-operator patch ingresscontroller default --type=json \
  -p '[{
    "op":"replace",
    "path":"/spec/endpointPublishingStrategy",
    "value": {"type": "HostNetwork", "hostNetwork": {"protocol": "PROXY"}}
  }]'

This step isn’t necessary if you’ve disabled the proxy protocol on the load-balancers manually during setup.

By default, PROXY protocol is enabled through the VSHN Commodore global defaults.

Wait for installation to complete

openshift-install --dir ${INSTALLER_DIR} \
  wait-for install-complete --log-level debug

Enable Project Syn

Make the cluster Project Syn enabled

Setup acme-dns CNAME records for the cluster

You can skip this section if you’re not using Let’s Encrypt for the cluster’s API and default wildcard certificates.

Extract the acme-dns subdomain for the cluster after cert-manager has been deployed via Project Syn.
```
fulldomain=$(kubectl -n syn-cert-manager \
  get secret acme-dns-client \
  -o jsonpath='{.data.acmedns\.json}' | \
  base64 -d  | \
  jq -r '[.[]][0].fulldomain')
echo "$fulldomain"
```
If the acme-dns-client secret hasn’t yet been populated, re-trigger the ArgoCD sync for cert-manager.

Add the following CNAME records to the cluster’s DNS zone

The _acme-challenge records must be created in the same zone as the cluster’s api and apps records respectively.

$ORIGIN <cluster-zone> (2)
_acme-challenge.api  IN CNAME <fulldomain>. (1)
$ORIGIN <apps-base-domain> (3)
_acme-challenge.apps IN CNAME <fulldomain>. (1)

1	Replace `<fulldomain>` with the output of the previous step.
2	The `_acme-challenge.api` record must be created in the same origin as the `api` record.
3	The `_acme-challenge.apps` record must be created in the same origin as the `apps` record.

Ensure emergency admin access to the cluster

Check that emergency credentials were uploaded and are accessible:

export EMR_KUBERNETES_ENDPOINT=https://api.${CLUSTER_DOMAIN}:6443
emergency-credentials-receive "${CLUSTER_ID}"

You need to be in the passbolt group VSHN On-Call.

If the command fails, check if the controller is already deployed, running, and if the credentials are uploaded:

kubectl -n appuio-emergency-credentials-controller get emergencyaccounts.cluster.appuio.io -o=jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\t"}{.status.lastTokenCreationTimestamp}{"\n"}{end}'

Follow the instructions from emergency-credentials-receive to use the downloaded kubeconfig file.

export KUBECONFIG="em-${CLUSTER_ID}"
kubectl get nodes
oc whoami # should output system:serviceaccount:appuio-emergency-credentials-controller:*

If the Let’s Encrypt certificate for the API isn’t fully provisioned yet, you may need to run the following yq to use the emergency kubeconfig:

yq -i e '.clusters[0].cluster.insecure-skip-tls-verify = true' "em-${CLUSTER_ID}"

Invalidate the 10 year admin kubeconfig.

kubectl -n openshift-config patch cm admin-kubeconfig-client-ca --type=merge -p '{"data": {"ca-bundle.crt": ""}}'

Enable Opsgenie alerting

Create the standard silence for alerts that don’t have the syn label

oc --as cluster-admin -n openshift-monitoring create job --from=cronjob/silence silence-manual
oc wait -n openshift-monitoring --for=condition=complete job/silence-manual
oc --as cluster-admin -n openshift-monitoring delete job/silence-manual

Check the remaining active alerts and address them where neccessary

kubectl --as=cluster-admin -n openshift-monitoring exec sts/alertmanager-main -- \
    amtool --alertmanager.url=http://localhost:9093 alert --active

Remove the "no-opsgenie" class from the cluster’s configuration

pushd "inventory/classes/${TENANT_ID}/"
yq eval -i 'del(.classes[] | select(. == "*.no-opsgenie"))' ${CLUSTER_ID}.yml
git commit -a -m "Enable opsgenie alerting on cluster ${CLUSTER_ID}"
git push
popd

Check image registry config

Verify that the cluster image registry has been deployed correctly with the Project Syn-managed config.

Check that no conditions show any errors in the image registry custom resource
```
kubectl get config.imageregistry/cluster -oyaml
```

Verify that the registry pods are running

kubectl -n openshift-image-registry get pods -l docker-registry=default (1)

1	This should show two pods

If the registry S3 credentials are created too long after the initial cluster setup, it’s possible that the openshift-samples operator has disabled itself because it couldn’t find a working in-cluster registry.

If the samples operator is disabled, no templates and builder images will be available on the cluster.

You can check the samples-operator’s state with the following command:

kubectl get config.samples cluster -ojsonpath='{.spec.managementState}'

If the command returns Removed, verify that the in-cluster registry pods are now running, and enable the samples operator again:

kubectl patch config.samples cluster -p '{"spec":{"managementState":"Managed"}}'

See the upstream documentation for more details on the samples operator.

Finalize installation

Configure the apt-dater groups for the LBs.

git clone git@git.vshn.net:vshn-puppet/nodes_hieradata.git
pushd nodes_hieradata
cat >"${LB_FQDNS[1]}.yaml" <<EOF
---
s_apt_dater::host::group: '2200_20_night_main'
EOF
cat >"${LB_FQDNS[2]}.yaml" <<EOF
---
s_apt_dater::host::group: '2200_40_night_second'
EOF
git add *.yaml
git commit -m"Configure apt-dater groups for LBs for OCP4 cluster ${CLUSTER_ID}"
git push origin master
popd

This how-to defaults to the night maintenance window on Tuesday at 22:00. Adjust the apt-dater groups according to the documented groups (VSHN-internal only) if the cluster requires a different maintenance window.

Wait for deploy job on nodes hieradata to complete and run Puppet on the LBs to update the apt-dater groups.
```
for fqdn in "${LB_FQDNS[@]}"; do
  ssh "${fqdn}" sudo puppetctl run
done
```
Delete local config files
```
rm -r ${INSTALLER_DIR}/
```

Remove bootstrap bucket

mc rm -r --force "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition"
mc rb "${CLUSTER_ID}/${CLUSTER_ID}-bootstrap-ignition"

Post tasks

VSHN

Verify that an UpgradeConfig is present
```
kubectl -n appuio-openshift-upgrade-controller get upgradeconfig
```
Double-check the cluster’s maintenance_window fact, if this command doesn’t return any objects.

Schedule a first maintenance 1 minute in the future

uc=$(yq .parameters.facts.maintenance_window inventory/classes/params/cluster.yml)
kubectl -n appuio-openshift-upgrade-controller get upgradeconfig $uc -oyaml | \
  yq '
    .metadata.name = "first", (1)
    .metadata.labels = {}, (2)
    .spec.jobTemplate.metadata.labels.upgradeconfig/name = "first", (1)
    .spec.schedule.cron = ((now+"1m")|format_datetime("4 15")) + " * * *", (3)
    .spec.pinVersionWindow = "0m" (4)
  ' | \
  kubectl create -f - --as=cluster-admin

1	The name doesn’t matter, but the `upgradeconfig/name` label in the job template must match `metadata.name` of the copied `UpgradeConfig`.
2	We clear the resource labels so ArgoCD doesn’t delete the copied resource.
3	This expression converts `now+1m` to a valid cronspec for daily runs at that time of day.
4	We set the `pinVersionWindow` to 0 minutes to ensure that the first job actually gets scheduled one minute in the future.

Don’t forget to delete the copied UpgradeConfig resource after the initial maintenance completes.

kubectl --as=cluster-admin -n appuio-openshift-upgrade-controller \
  delete upgradeconfig first

Generic

Do a first maintenance